A Parent's Guide to Treating ADHD with Methylphenidate



What is Methylphenidate?



Children, adolescents, and adults diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can be treated with non-stimulant medication or stimulant medications. The two stimulant families of medications are divided into amphetamine salts (such as adderall) and the methylphenidate family. Methylphenidate ADHD medications can decrease hyperactivity, improve focus, and regulate impulses. Ritalin®, Concerta®, Daytrana®, Quillivant XR®, Focalin®, Metadate®, and Methylin® are examples of common brand names for methylphenidate medication options.


How Does Methylphenidate Work?

Methylphenidate increases dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain, which facilitates better function of the parts responsible for behavior, attention, and emotional regulation. By increasing the availability of these brain chemicals, methylphenidate helps improve:

  • Motivation

  • Staying focused

  • Impulse control

  • Ability to stay on task/complete work

  • Frustration tolerance/Self-regulation



Methylphenidate Drug Types



Short-Acting (3-4 hours):

  • Ritalin (sometimes referred to as Ritalin IR - instant release)

  • Methylin (oral solution, chewables, and tablets)



Intermediate/Middle-Acting (6–8 hours):



Change the ER

Ritalin SR



Long-Acting (8–12 hours):



Concerta (tablet for OROS)

Ritalin LA

XR Focalin

CD Metadate

Liquid Quillivant XR

Daytrana (patch)

The duration and speed of action of each form vary. You will receive assistance from your provider in selecting the best option for your child.

What to Expect When Beginning Methylphenidate

Most families experience benefits within the first few days of beginning methylphenidate. Better organization, less impulsive behavior, and enhanced attention are frequently observed.

Things to Watch Out for:

Changes in appetite (commonly decreased hunger during lunch and increased hunger in the evening afte rthe medication wears off)
Changes in appetite

Having trouble falling asleep

Mood fluctuations or agitation

Headaches or stomachaches

Rebound symptoms when the effects of the medication wear off

Particularly if the drug is taken as directed and closely watched, these side effects are frequently mild and transient.

Typical Side Effects

Diminished appetite

Having trouble falling asleep

A headache

Pains in the stomach

Irritability or emotional sensitivity

slight elevation in heart rate or blood pressure

mild tics (may get better if you change the dosage)

Children in preschool may be more sensitive to adverse effects.

More Serious or Seldom Occurring Side Effects (Contact your physician right away):

Breathlessness or chest pain

An extremely rapid or erratic heartbeat

Seizures or fainting

Hearing or seeing things that are not there is known as hallucination.

Suicidal thoughts or extreme mood swings

Boys experiencing painful or protracted erections (priapism)

Frequently Asked Questions for Parents

How quickly does the medication take effect?

A: Most pill forms can be taken in 30 to 60 minutes, while daytrana patches can take up to two hours.

What happens if my child no longer eats lunch?

A: Promote a filling breakfast and a healthy snack after school. In the evening, appetite typically improves.

Is it possible to take it only on school days?

A: Maybe. Your healthcare provider can advise you on the appropriateness of "drug holidays."

Will my child behave in a "zombie" manner?

A: Not at all. The dosage may need to be changed if your child exhibits excessive quiet, sadness, or irritability.

Does it have an addictive quality?

A: Not when taken as directed. Actually, treating ADHD may lower the likelihood of substance abuse in the future.

Crucial Safety Advice

Give medication exactly as directed at all times. Never stop taking a medication or alter your dosage without first consulting a doctor.

Keep medications in a secure location. It's a controlled substance.

Before combining with other drugs or supplements, consult your doctor.

Find out from your provider what to do if a dose is missed.

Keep an eye out for symptoms of allergic reactions, such as rash, swelling, itching, and trouble breathing.

Any heart, seizure, or tic disorders should be reported to your physician.

Tips for Parents

  • Keep a daily journal of symptoms, appetite, sleep, and behavior when starting.

  • Maintain close communication with teachers and caregivers for “data” to provide to your prescriber.

  • Attend regular follow-up appointments to assess effectiveness and make adjustments.

Observation and Follow-Up

Regular examinations of your child are necessary to monitor:

Weight and height

Blood pressure and heart rate

Conduct and academic achievement

To evaluate changes related to school, teachers may be asked to fill out behavior forms.

Options for Children Who Are unable to Swallow Pills

Quillivant XR is the liquid.

Oral solution or chewable tablets: Methylin

Daytrana patch

Openable capsules that can be sprinkled on food: Ritalin LA, Focalin XR

Legal Notice

This page should not be used in place of medical advice; it is merely meant to be informative. Your healthcare provider should always be consulted when making decisions about your medication. This is not a comprehensive list of potential drawbacks, advantages, or available therapies.

Always ask your child's prescribing clinician questions.